PAUL BUSHKOVITCH

RUS' IN THE ETHNIC NOMENCLATURE OF THE POVÉST VREMENNYKH LET

"V Afetove zhe chasti sediať rus', chiuď i vsi iazytsi: mena, muroma, ves', mordva, zavoloch'skaia chiuď, perm', péchera, iam', ugra, litva, zimegola, kors', leťgola, liub'."

Povesť vremennykh let.

The problem of the origin and significance of the term Rus' in the early history of Russia is normally considered in terms of the Anti- Normannist-Normannist debate on the role of the Varangians in the formation of the Russian state. The debate on the word Rus' therefore revolves around the question of a Scandinavian or East Slavic origin for the word. However, if the problem of Rus' is considered rather in terms of the ethnic terminology used by our unique written source for the earliest period of Russian history, the Povesť vremennykh let, the problem becomes considerably more complicated, but perhaps more fruitful. For an analysis of this ethnic nomenclature seems to show that there is a definite correlation between the use of words and the social nature of the tribes, as they are perceived by the Povesť, and that among these tribal names of the Eastern Slavs, the name Rus' is absolutely unique.

Before considering the system of ethnic names in the Povesť, one other problem must be dealt with, the problem of what it meant in this context by a "tribe". It should be emphasized that the use of the word "tribe" to describe the poliane, viatichi, etc., is a modern interpretation, although it has a quite respectable history (Karamzin, for example, already used the word). In the Povesť the word "tribe" (plemia) refers only to the Biblical tribes descended from the sons of Noah. Thus, the chronicle speaks (p. n)1 of plemia Afetovo (earlier

i. Povesť vremennykh let, text prepared by D. S. Likhachev, edited by V. P. Adrianova-Peretts (Moscow- Leningrad, 1950), I. All references are to this edition.